Proyecto de investigación epidemiológica: Asma (página 3)

A) El grupo etario más afectado durante todos los años (1995 a 2003) fue el de niños de entre 5 y 14 años de edad.

B) El número total de casos acumulados durante los nueve años, en niños de entre 5 y 14 años es de 4925.

C) El año con mayor número de casos fue el 2002.

D) El asma se ha encontrado entre los lugares 11 a 16 de las enfermedades más frecuentes en la Ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán.

E) No se pudo clasificar la información por sexo ya que los datos no estuvieron disponibles en el momento de la indagación.

CASOS ACUMULADOS DE ASMA POR EDAD EN LA JURISDICCION 01

MORELIA, MICHOACAN

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. Secretaria de Salud. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

CASOS ACUMULADOS DE ASMA POR EDAD EN MICHOACAN

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. Secretaria de Salud. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

CASOS NUEVOS DE ASMA ACUMULADOS EN

EL ESTADO DE MICHOACAN

CASOS NUEVOS DE ASMA ACUMULADOS EN LA

JURISDICCION 01, MORELIA, MICHOACAN

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. Secretaría de Salud. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Fuente: Dirección General de Epidemiología. SSA. Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Discusión

Mis resultados coinciden con los datos epidemiológicos mundiales y nacionales, ya que efectivamente, el asma bronquial es una enfermedad más común en niños y adolescentes. Mannino, en sus estudios realizados en EUA, afirma que el predominio mundial es del 16% y a los niños corresponde el 10% de dicho porcentaje. Por otra parte, en México, el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica señala que la prevalencia acumulativa en menores de 15 años es del 12%, sin embargo afirma que en dicho intervalo de edad el subgrupo etario más afectado fue el de menores de 4 años. Este informe nacional no coincide con mis resultados ya que el grupo de edad más afectado en la Ciudad de Morelia es el de menores entre 5 y 14 años.

TESIS

Yo afirmo que el grupo de edad más afectado por asma bronquial en la Ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán es el de niños entre 5 y 14 años de edad.

Conclusiones

Basándome en la información recabada en la Ciudad de Morelia, la cual coincide con cifras mundiales, nacionales y estatales, concluyo que el asma bronquial es una enfermedad común en la población menor de 15 años de edad, por lo que es indispensable la implementación de programas dirigidos a la prevención de dicha entidad nosológica puesto que puede llegar a causar la muerte.

Deben plantearse metas para disminuir los ataques asmáticos en niños y evitar así que haya complicaciones, algunas medidas útiles son las siguientes:

• controlar el asma reduciendo los factores desencadenantes ambientales, promoviendo un estilo de vida saludable con niveles adecuados de descanso, ejercicio y nutrición, asegurándose de usar el medicamento correcto.

• promover la salud emocional para que el niño se considere a sí mismo una persona saludable, no enferma, y tenga confianza en su capacidad para enfrentar desafíos y tener éxito.

• evitar que los síntomas afecten los niveles de energía del niño, su concentración, atención, relaciones sociales, actividad física y bienestar general.

Una vez diagnosticada el asma, el médico y los padres o cuidadores del niño trabajarán con el niño en un plan de tratamiento y control eficaz. Si el niño es muy pequeño, los padres o cuidadores deben ayudar observando posibles síntomas de asma y asesorando sobre el uso de los aparatos que miden su capacidad para respirar, y asegurar que el niño reciba los medicamentos adecuados cuando sean necesarios.

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Analleli Manguilar León