Influence of Selection and Initiation of Talent on effectiveness for the High Performance

Abstract

The object of this study is the influence of the Sports Team in the process of preparation of athletes and the selection process in Rhythmic Gymnastics as a premise for the preparation of the gymnasts.

This case study helps to enrich and support the selection process and initiation of specific talents, based on different views and solid scientific approaches – methodological, so you can search more objectively and safer for potential talent, making the high performance sports pyramid more sustainable in any system, so we must rely on the assumptions of sensitive phases and critical periods, and primarily on the basis of the theory of training, in addition to creating a nice work environment and with a well-coordinated and structured athlete-coach from the community.

With the goal of these experiences, different methods were employed such as document research and a review of the sports dynamic, through specific case study groups, also in the pedagogical dimension of various concentrations of athletes, the research was longitudinal.

Introduction

It starts with the idea that the competitive level of our athletes in rhythmic gymnastics has not reached the level of skill to be ranked among the best in the world. The change to this reality will be possible through further development of the sports training system, understood as a complex process that depends on many factors. One of the important, if not the most important factor in this process is the initial selection of the candidate athletes and the quality of the initial training.

Having studied the trends in the World Team Sports, qualitative and quantitative approaches are assumed to building a theoretical model of the gymnast "elite" and the current gymnast.

It achieves the theoretical and methodological systematization and improvement of the Selection System Sports in Rhythmic Gymnastics, on the basis of integrative qualities of the ideal characteristics of the gymnast "elite", which implies a possible increase in the efficiency of the detection, selection and monitoring of talent in this field, adding new elements to its original version in the Athlete Preparation Program of the sport.

Development

The sport is going to reflect the ideas that express aspirations of the people: the idea of ??a highly productive work, and that sport is a social phenomenon, and as other spheres of human activity are inherent in different positions emanating from material living conditions of society. Thus these ideas are reflected in the objectives of the sport.

At present there have been several studies and researches regarding sports activities, which have not only led to the solution of particular problems of sport. Many Studies have shown that improvement in sport requires the application of knowledge from many areas including those of the social sciences.

The steady increase in the demands and the anticipated extent of the maximum competitive performance in sports such as rhythmic gymnastics underscores the need to establish a selection system in accordance with these sports requirements.

The system of Physical Culture is one of its bases for the massive practice of the sport from the community. This enables the formation of a large pool of candidates which is an important precondition for the development of the sport in the country.

From the above data, it is clear that the detection efficiency of talent is one of the problems facing the sports training system of rhythmic gymnastics, because it has not always applied scientifically established criteria for the completion of the selection.

One way to ensure an effective selection process is to study the characteristics of the best athletes, which includes not only the masters of the sport but also the best in each stage of the long-term preparation. (Filin and Volkov, 1987 and Zatsiorvki, 1987).

The selection process must take into account the physical abilities as well as the psychological traits of the athlete; there are individuals who are physically able to perform well but who are not able to commit to the long and arduous training regimen needed to attain elite status.

Now for the coaches and specialists dedicated to the sport, it is unanimously accepted that the achievements and setbacks of sports actions have much to do with psychological factors involved in the process of activity.

At the present time we face a great challenge for contemporary sport is just to harmonize the use of all the possibilities of scientific – technical development has been in the service of man and the athlete's life. We know that this responsibility is much greater with the enormous advances in science and technology of which people didn"t even dream 15 or 20 years ago.

But solving the goals of the new generation of athletes is not always easy, we must first be able to change their "I cannot" to "I wish" and then prompt them to make the leap from "I wish" to "I can do much more". The essential signs are observable during their performances, and typify the entire event: among them may be fighting, aggression and passivity. These behaviors can be observed in athletes separately and in groups taking into account the community in which they live, in the case of rhythmic gymnastics there should be a close correlation between all participants in team sports.

It is common in current training cycle and repeatedly in the sport that sets goals that are not in correspondence with the real possibility of an athlete. As most frequent underlying cause and the inability to obtain accurate and reliable information for the preparation of the adversaries, very important aspect mentioned by renowned specialists in the subject as Puni (1969), Gorbunov (1988); Rudik (1990) is the psychological preparation for competition. Coaches must help their athletes realistically assess their current level of expertise in their sport and set realistic goals for achieving the next level of performance. It is helpful to understand how one compares to future opponents and to have realistic insight into the likelihood of success in completion against them.

It is known that it is possible that athletes may think they will succeed by strengthening themselves physically, when what they really need is a superior tactical development and media program goals and be able to meet their true problems, defects and potential to face the tasks. This aspect is often neglected by coaches

How to identify problems in the sport is relatively easy, but this can only make the athlete dissatisfied or angry. We must not only be able to identify the problem, but be aware that this is only the first step in finding a solution. It is quite helpful to allow the athlete to understand their weaknesses and their contribution to resolving them. It is a matter of tactical guidance to the problem, as they usually tend to focus attention only on negative aspects of a situation, because the athlete strictly identifies what is wrong, without providing any feedback or information about what to do to correct it

Search or detection of gifted girls with potential for performance in sport has increased in importance over the years, much as it has sharpened competition and identified. Talents are everywhere, so the search has to be a constant in the coach's job and it is essential that sports culture has, sensitivity and education in dealing with children, teaching ability and develop the sporting aspirations and that is true every coach has to internalize it, make him the problem, which is an extra visits to schools, discussions with teachers, family and especially to the training enjoyable and create an environment that supports this project where athletes feel as or more happy and motivated at home.

For this, the coach, about motivation, you should ask the following questions: What reasons induced to do certain things? How I can I influence the motivation of an athlete to certain activities and what factors are important in this regard? Under what circumstances someone is optimally motivated and achieving and maintaining the optimal level?

An athlete with low pulse or trigger for the sport will have to work to increase it when you train and compete, and is the coach who has to guide you in that specific training to enhance the detection of the previous activation.

An athlete with an athletic goal unrealistic, difficult to reach it and be more likely to frustrate and defeat does not react constructively. The coach will have to rethink it appropriate targets. Motivation becomes a response addressed to the satisfaction of a need, whether objective and / or energy control.In young athletes, the motivation must be based on fun, entertainment and pleasure on the one hand, and the need for achievement or accomplishment on the other. In the subconscious of every athlete there is a tendency to act rightly, to ensure effectiveness in their interactions with the environment as well as an aspiration to achieve a goal in a competition that meets the standards of excellence, this trend must be substantiated.The trainer should be aware that if the athlete has a sports domain behavior, attributed his defeat to a lack of effort, he perceived that the effort is linked to positive outcome. But if on the other hand, present a position of powerlessness, attributed his defeat to the inability to show that has better athletic ability, perceived that he will not run better, you try and therefore its success is due to the ease of the task.The idea that each athlete has the connections between the successes and failures and their own behavior or sportsmanship is what is known as the locus of control. Can be internal if the athlete believes in a direct relationship between their sporting performance and the result, or external if you think there is no such relationship.

The athlete who has an internal locus of control is more productive because it has the feeling of control over any modification on the competition for best results.

The way to advance the process of attribution has implications for the expectations that anyone has the results of their actions in future situations and, consequently, their motivation.

As for the relationship between motivation and performance is always a great value setting your goals. The reason lies in the fact that the objectives provide an orientation to care, "mobilize" the person, increase your powers of perseverance and facilitate the development of a strategy.

We know that the achievement of objectives specified exactly posed a challenge is useful for enhancing motivation. The same applies to the act of learning to set yourself realistic concrete goals and objectives that we are most interested are those that everyone accepts it as such for itself.

It is also important to note that the coach should influence the goals of the "I can much more" realistic, because an unattainable goal will help "discourage." The proper setting realistic goals is related to the level of aspiration, ie the level of performance achievable. In this sense, it is important self-efficacy related to the athlete.

Coach to reinforce this perception of efficacy in the athlete must:

• Promote the "vicarious learning" (Bandura). It is based on observational learning where the sport is influenced by the sporting performance model that represents the coach.

• Encourage mastery experiences and athletic ability, adjusting the maximum skill level of the target.

• Adjust the trigger level and teach the athlete to use and control in difficult situations from harming their self-efficacy.

• Use verbal persuasion so that the athlete see the coach as a friend and not as a reminder of the need for external effort and work to get results.

In this regard we must focus our efforts toward an orientation that will help the athlete to understand what new capabilities and skills needed to solve their problems and improve the parameters defects.

We always have to know the difference and apply a gradual increase in overall requirements of one selection to another, because the more advanced the selection, the greater the involvement of each of the aspects that have to control, on the other hand, the duration between the processes must be decreasing provided that efficiently logical targets in the preparation of the athlete.

That is why both the second and third level indirect carry a selection of information on the way to the transfer and assimilation after content has been the talent in previous stages.

As the athlete progresses from beginner status to ever higher levels of skill, the coach must reanalyze the athlete"s strengths and weaknesses and present the athlete with realistic stepwise solutions to overcome the areas of deficiency.

In this period of time we should emphasize the use of integrative qualities as a way that helps streamline and clarify the selection criteria in rhythmic gymnastics, as they constitute the basis for defining indicators to assess within the system selection of this sport.

• Based on the theoretical and methodological aspects, which have been declared as the basis of this research, we try to establish the system of choice for Gymnastics sports. We applied the methodology through the following:

• Characterization of the sport and competitive activity.

• Fabricating the ideal of elite gymnast.

• Determination of the integrative qualities of the gymnast at the highest level.

• Determination of model features of Cuban gymnasts.

• Standards development.

• System design.

• The rules should be corrected through the comparison of values ??to the indicators of the theoretical model, which represents the desired state and thus achieve precise sport selection and quantitatively determine the values ??of the indicators that represent the current state of the population to be selected.

• There should be a high correlation between the results of the investigated areas, both the interrelationship of the indicators that make up and the need to consider them within the sport selection process as part of the proposed model of gymnast "elite".

For others this is to say that this shows that when you select correctly, the results are effective at all times to achieve sports scores.

Taking on the criteria of the specialists of Gymnastics and opinions of staff specialists from other sciences, and the conclusions of the studies to the Reserve Sports in this sport, the results confirm the observations of competitive activity and the study of literature on the subject not only describe the characteristics of the gymnast in this specialty at the highest level of athletic development, but also establish the interrelationship between the components of the preparation, one would define the extra to be made in each case to achieve the "I can do much more" of the athlete.

At present the system of selecting sports Preparation Program Sports Gymnastics is based primarily on the version that came in the scheme, much improved from the determination of the integrative qualities that govern the sport selection process in areas of physical, technical and morphofunctional.

It is understood that the criteria underpinning the system interact in a systemic way, so that your application can select, with little chance of error sporting talents Gymnastics, despite the efforts are sometimes hampered by lack of require perseverance in the real capabilities of the athlete in your subconscious, which must be included.

This proposal must be achieved theoretical and methodological systematization and improvement of the system sports teams, the RG, based on integrative qualities of the ideal characteristics of the gymnast "elite", implying a possible increase in efficiency detection process, selection and monitoring of talent in this field by incorporating new elements to its original version in the Athlete Preparation Programme of the sport.

Taking into account the results should be associated with stages of sports development and stabilization of the maximum results. This involves monitoring talented athletes for several years where they forged the capabilities that are manifested in the specific activities of high performance. There will be teaching observations, tests of control and biological medical studies, sociological and psychological means of a longitudinal evolution, with a view to determine the level of sports training, prospects and final dynamic specialization, to enroll school sports, High Performance Centers and the creation of national teams for international and Olympic Games commitments.

To achieve this, criteria should be assessed at each stage, linked To the Performance Profile of school age: age of onset of specialization in sport, age of their best results and increased sports. There should be dynamic and periodic evaluations of athletes which include height, weight and physical efficiency tests. All that is necessary to point out that in selecting sport candidates the words: identification, screening, recruitment and selection require assessment from two perspectives or two different approaches. On one hand it means content and concepts that express different nuances from the theoretical point of view, and on another may indicate that logical steps of the selection of talent from the methodological profile represent tasks, actions and special procedures that interact harmoniously and systemically, sometimes excluding and complementing each other

Conclusions

From the above analysis regarding the selection and initiation in sports in general, from the theoretical point of view, we clarify the following perspectives:

• The selection and initiation of candidate athletes should be based on a Holistic analysis rather than on athletic ability alone. It determines the effectiveness of the training.

• In the theoretical postulates, which constitute the indispensable basis for the systematization of a possible selection theory, types of selection (initial stages, for the formation of teams) and targets of selection (identification, selection and monitoring) are recognized. It becomes clear that the initial selection in the preliminary stage has as its objectives as the identification and selection of talent in the primary selection stage of initial selection and the selection stages and forming teams, the objectives are the selection and monitoring of athletic talent.

• We must learn to differentiate two major dimensions of the selection of talent in sport: the focus on sport, which is general and seeks to identify the best skills and abilities to practice any type of sports, and selection, which is particular and aims to identify, select and monitor the development of specific talent for a sport. While the targets of selection are common for all sports, its contents are specific to each of them.

From the results of the investigation the following conclusions can be established for the particular case of Rhythmic Gymnastics

• From the relationship between the theoretical model of the gymnast and trends in the selection for Gymnastics sports, we can distinguish an inclusive set of attributes that should characterize the top gymnast in her developmental level. I said before the relationship does not exclude the set of attributes integrated with other components of the ideal model.

Integrative qualities of the system are:

• Aesthetic impact.

• Driving condition.

• Motor efficiency.

• Creativity driving.

Of course the scheme is large, since we cannot have a single selection factor. We note that competitive sports results depend on many factors, so it is necessary to identify and try to control all phases of the process of logical selection of talent. This would include the morphological profile as well as intelligence, ability to interact positively with other teammates, sport-specific athletic ability and high motivation to persevere and succeed.

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Author: Ms. Rosa González Cordón.

Teacher with 25 years experience in Physical Education and Sport. Technical Advisory Committee of Rhythmic Gymnastics Provincial of the Province of Holguin.

From 1996 to date has worked in the sport initiation and high performance sport

She has participated in national and international courses in the specialty.

Has tutored 7 Diplomas work of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports of Holguin.

Performs technical advice to the coaches of the Province and provided technical advice in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Autor:

Sra. Rosa González Cordón

15/06/2011