Conclusiones
La combinación de los diferentes tipos de sentidos y la agudeza de los mismos les ha permitido a los elasmobranquios adaptarse perfectamente a la vida en el mar. La ecología sensorial de estos organismos es muy compleja, y dependiendo de la especie y las condiciones del ambiente pueden utilizar uno o varios sentidos para monitorear el ambiente, detectar a sus presas y congéneres o ubicarse espacialmente.
Muchos de los sistemas presentes en los mal llamados "animales superiores", tuvieron origen hace cuatrocientos millones de años con la aparición del primer condrictio y durante este tiempo han permanecido casi inmutables; la mayoría de sentidos, órganos y estructuras relacionadas con los sentidos en los elasmobranquios son muy similares a las presentes en otros grupos taxonómicos, por lo que pueden ser puntos de comparación para establecer la filogenia de múltiples especies, o para comprender el funcionamiento básico de éstos sistemas en otros organismos incluidos los humanos.
El rango al que cada unidad sensorial opera depende de la especialidad del órgano responsable, la sensibilidad del sistema, las características del estímulo y las condiciones físicas del ambiente en que desarrolle la precepción. La orientación y el comportamiento de estos animales puede ser influenciada por estímulos comunes a su historia de vida, algunos de los cuales pueden ser reproducidos en condiciones controladas y de laboratorio, y en algunas ocasiones por estímulos sintéticos e introducidos por el hombre dentro del hábitat de estos animales.
Aunque los elasmobranquios fueron objeto de muchos estudios, la mayoría se desarrollaron hasta comienzos del siglo pasado y eran principalmente de índole descriptiva; en la época de mayor avance en la ciencia estos organismos fueron reemplazados por animales que presentaban ventajas económicas, facilidades de manejo, obtención y mantenimiento por parte de los investigadores por lo que son muy pocos los estudios de fondo realizados en estos animales.
Los avances en materia de investigación, conservación y bioética que existen en la actualidad nos abren las puertas para retomar la investigación en este grupo taxonómico, estudios que nos permitirán entender nuestro propio funcionamiento, nos ayudarán en la comprensión y posiblemente la cura de enfermedades humanas, y más importante aún, nos darán luces para el cuidado y protección de estos organismos encargados de mantener el delicado equilibrio en nuestro planeta.
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Autor:
Diego Fernando Beltrán Villalobos
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