(Gp:) IPv4 Multicast NetworkTúnel 6over4 Interconecta hosts IPv6 sobre una red IPv4 multicast Usa direcciones IPv4 compatibles a IPv6 (ej: 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01) No resuelve el problema de conexión a una red global IPv6
(Gp:) Red IPv4
Túnel ISATAP Interconecta hosts IPv6 dentro de una organización, sobre una red IPv4 Usa direcciones IPv4 reales o ficticias Puede usar direcciones con prefijo de enlace local, con prefijo de sitio o con prefijo de enlace global Ej: FE80::5EFE:131.107.129.8, 3FFE:1A05:510:1111:0:5EFE:131.107.129.8 ISATAP: Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (Gp:) IPv6 o IPv4 Internet
ISATAP Router Windows 2003 Server Windows 2003 Server
(Gp:) Red IPv6
Túnel DSTM (Gp:) IPv4 Internet
Interconecta hosts IPv4 sobre una red IPv6 Asignación temporal de direcciones IPv4 Utiliza direcciones IPv4 mapeadas a IPv6 Ej: ::FFFF:138.145.25.3 DSTM Router Host IPv6 Host IPv4 Host IPv6
Túnel Teredo (Gp:) IPv6 Internet
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
NAT NAT Cliente Teredo (host IPv4/IPv6) Cliente Teredo (host IPv4/IPv6) Host IPv6 Servidor Teredo Teredo Relay Encapsula IPv6 en paquetes UDP de IPv4 Usado en ambientes con NAT simple o múltiple Usa 3FFE:831F::/32 como prefijo (no estandar por IANA) IPv6 o IPv6 sobre IPv4
Túnel BGP (Gp:) Red IPv6
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) Red IPv6
Router A Router B 2001:0503:2001:0708::/x BGP4+ TCP IPv6 BGP4+ TCP IPv4 BGP+ Destination Port Next Hop 2001:0503:2001:0708::/x Int 1/1 12.128.76.23 12.128.76.23
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP (Gp:) Red IPv4 (cliente B)
(Gp:) Red IPv4 (cliente C)
(Gp:) Red IPv4 (cliente D)
(Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Dual-stack Router Dual-stack Router Dual-stack Router Dual-stack Router 192.168.5.1/24 192.168.4.1/24 192.168.3.1/24 192.168.1.0/24 .2 .2 192.168.2.0/24 .1 .1 Configuración de Tunel
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP (Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1: IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::1/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.2.2./24 Tunnel Dest. 192.168.3.1/24 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::/64 Enlace IPv6 Nativo Tunel 1: IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::2/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.3.1./24 Tunnel Dest. 192.168.2.2/24 Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24 Tunel 1: IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.4.1/24 Tunnel Dest. 192.168.5.1/24 Configuración de Tunel
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP (Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1: IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::2/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.3.1./24 Tunnel Dest. 192.168.2.2/24 Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24 Ipv6 unicast-routing Interface fastethernet1/0 Ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::1/64 Ipv6 rip cisco enable
Ipv6 unicast-routing Interface fastethernet1/0 Ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::2/64 Ipv6 rip cisco enable Configuración de Tunel
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP (Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24 Interface serial 2/0 Ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache Interface tunnel1 no ip address Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel source serial2/0 Tunnel destination 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 Tunnel mode ipv6ip Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::64/64 fastethernet1/0 Ipv6 route ::/0 tunnel 1
Configuración de Tunel Interface serial2/0 Ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache Interface tunnel1 no ip address Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel source serial2/0 Tunnel destination 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 Tunnel mode ipv6ip Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:/32 tunnel1
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP (Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64 Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24 Interface serial 2/0 Ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 No ip route-cache Interface tunnel1 No ip address Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::2/64 Tunnel source serial2/0 Tunnel destination 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0 Mode ipv6ip Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:0101::/64 fastethernet1/0 Ipv6 route ::/0 tunnel1
Ipv6 unicast-routing Interface fastethernet1/1 Ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 Interface tunnel1 No ip address Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::1/64 Tunnel source fastethernet1/1 Tunnel destination 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 Mode ipv6ip Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:0101::/48 tunnel1 Configuración de Tunel
Transición a IPv6 Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) (RFC 2766) Transport Relay Translator (TCP-UDP Relay) (RFC 3142) Bump-in-the-Stack (BIS) (RFC 2767) Dual Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM) (Internet Draft draft-ietf-ngtrans-dstm-07.txt) SOCKS-Based Gateway (RFC 3089)
Mecanismos de Traslación de Protocolos
NAT-PT Router Red IPv4 Red IPv6 Host IPv6 Host IPv4 Transición a IPv6 NAT-PT RFC 2766, Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation. (actualizado en RFC 3152) (Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
TCP/IPv4 Socket, DNS Aplicación IPv4 NAT-PT TCP/IPv4 IPv4 TCP/IPv6 IPv6 Pool de direcciones IPv4 Pool de direcciones IPv6
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Transición a IPv6 TCP/IPv4 Socket, DNS Aplicación IPv4 TRT TCP/IPv4 IPv4 TCP/IPv6 IPv6 Destino Cliente Transport Relay Translator (TRT) RFC 3142, An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator
IPv4 IPv6 Socket Layer Ethernet MAC Physical Layer Application Layer Translator Extension Name Resolver Address Mapper Header or APIs Translator TCP(UDP) Transición a IPv6 Bump in the Stack RFC 2767, Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS) Bump in the API RFC 3338, Dual Stack Hosts Using Bump-in-the-API (BIA) IPv4 IPv6 Socket Layer Ethernet MAC Physical Layer Application Layer TCP(UDP) Translator Bump in the Stack Bump in the API
TCP/IP v4
Extension Name resolver Address mapper
translator Aplicaciones IPv4 Controladores Interfaz de Red (Gp:) IPv4 Internet (Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Interfaz de Red Transición a IPv6 Bump in the Stack IPv6
API Translator
Name resolver Address mapper Function Mapper Socket API (IPv4, IPv6) Aplicaciones IPv4 TCP(UDP)/IPv4 TCP(UDP)/IPv6 Controladores Interfaz de Red (Gp:) IPv4 Internet (Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Interfaz de Red Transición a IPv6 Bump in the API
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Transición a IPv6 TCP/IPv4 Socket, DNS Socks Library Aplicación IPv4 Socket, DNS Socks Application Layer Gateway TCP/IPv4 IPv4 TCP/IPv6 IPv6 Destino Cliente Socks RFC 3089, A SOCKS-based IPv6/IPv4 Gateway Mechanism
DNS IPv6 Bind 4.9 o superior, versión 8 o superior Registros AAAA (obsoletos) (Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com. host 3600 IN AAAA 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
(Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com. host 3600 IN A6 0 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
Registros A6 (Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com. host 3600 IN A6 64 0:0:0:0:42::1 company.example1.net. host 3600 IN A6 64 0:0:0:0:42::1 company.example2.net.
ISP1 $ORIGIN example1.net. company 3600 IN A6 0 3ffe:8050:201:1860::
ISP2 $ORIGIN example2.net. company 3600 IN A6 0 1234:5678:90ab:fffa::
Registros A6 Encadenados
DNS IPv6 Registros A6 para Servidores DNS (Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com. @ 14400 IN NS ns0 14400 IN NS ns1 ns0 14400 IN A6 0 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1 ns1 14400 IN A 192.168.42.1
(Gp:) No usar direcciones mapeadas IPv4 en IPv6 para Servidores de DNS ::ffff:192.168.42.1
DNS IPv6 (Gp:) $ORIGIN 0.6.8.1.1.0.2.0.0.5.0.8.e.f.f.3.ip6.int. 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.4..0 14400 IN PTR host.example.com.
Registro Inverso (Nibble Format) (obsoleto) (Gp:) Host con dirección: 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
Registro Inverso (Bitstring Format) (Gp:) $ORIGIN [x3ffe805002011860/64].ip6.arpa. [x0042000000000001/64] 14400 IN PTR host.example.com.
DNS IPv6 Root DNS IPv6
;; greatplains.net ;; $TTL 86400 $ORIGIN net. greatplains IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.greatplains.net. ( 2002081205 ; serial – YYYYMMDDXX 21600 ; refresh – 6 hours 1200 ; retry – 20 minutes 3600000 ; expire – long time 86400) ; minimum TTL – 24 hours ;; ;; Nameservers ;; IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net. IN NS nic.kanren.net. DNS IPv6
;; MX record IN MX 10 nic-ks.greatplains.net. ;; Hosts $ORIGIN greatplains.net. ;; Test names ;; tmp-ks IN A 164.113.238.9 tmp-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:1::9 tmp-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:4::9 $ORIGIN ip6.greatplains.net. ;; The nic machines ;; nic-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:0:201:3FF:FED8:61C6 nic-ks-s IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:1:201:3FF:FED8:61C7 fre-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:0:0210:4bff:fec9:370d DNS IPv6
;; 1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int ;; $TTL 86400 $ORIGIN 1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int. @ IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.nic-ks.greatplains.net. ( 2002050300 ; Serial – YYYYMMDDXX 10800 ; Refresh 3600 ; Retry 3600000 ; Expire 86400 ) ; Minimum ;; Nameserver ;; IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net. ;; DNS IPv6
;; We delegate out 2001:468:100::/40 to other nameservers ;; This is the 2001:468:1fd::/48 delegated to GPN local ;; $ORIGIN d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int. IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net. ;; This is the 2001:468:1fe::/48 delegated to Summerhill ;; $ORIGIN e.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int. IN NS cody.summerhill.org. IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. ;; ;; This is the 2001:468:1ff::/48 delegated to GPN point-to-points $ORIGIN f.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int. IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net. DNS IPv6
;; d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int $TTL 86400 $ORIGIN d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int. @ IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.nic-ks.greatplains.net. ( 2002081202 ; Serial – YYYYMMDDXX 10800 ; Refresh 3600 ; Retry 3600000 ; Expire 86400 ) ; Minimum ;; Nameservers IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net. ;; Hosts on 2001:468:1fd::/64, the GPN ethernet $ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int. 6.c.1.6.8.d.e.f.f.f.3.0.1.0.2.0 IN PTR nic-ks.ip6.greatplains.net. d.0.7.3.9.c.e.f.f.f.b.4.0.1.2.0 IN PTR fre-ks.ip6.greatplains.net. DNS IPv6
;; x2001046801fd-48.ip6.arpa $TTL 86400 $ORIGIN [x2001046801fd/48].ip6.arpa. @ IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.nic-ks.greatplains.net. ( 2002081204 ; Serial – YYYYMMDDXX 10800 ; Refresh 3600 ; Retry 3600000 ; Expire 86400 ) ; Minimum ;; Nameservers IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net. IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net. ;; The hosts in 2001:468:1fd::/64 on the GPN ethernet $ORIGIN [x2001046801fd0000/64].ip6.arpa. [x020103fffed861c6] IN PTR nic-ks.ip6.greatplains.net. [x02104bfffec9370d] IN PTR fre-ks.ip6.greatplains.net. DNS IPv6
Conclusiones IPv6 es la única manera de garantizar el crecimiento sostenido de Internet en los próximos años Hay un gran esfuerzo mundial acerca de IPv6, y ya puede considerarse como un desarrollo estable y maduro, aún cuando continúan los trabajos en muchas áreas IPv4 e IPv6 deben coexistir por algún tiempo La Internet del futuro contará con una gran utilización de tecnologías inalámbricas El modelo Cliente/Servidor será reemplazado en buena medida por el modelo “Peer to Peer”, aumentando así la comunicación interpersonal IPv6 es una realidad y solamente puede acelerarse o retrasarse su adopción, con las consecuencias que ello pueda acarrear
¿Cuándo empezar a trabajar IPv6? Mayor cantidad de tiempo para planear una transición gradual Mayor tiempo para obtener la necesaria experiencia con IPv6 Crear un servicio IPv6 inicial es relativamente económico Algunas redes y empresas se están preocupando por el tema IPv6
| Página siguiente |