This racism was strongly criticized by Manuel Gonzalez Prada who becomes the greatest exponent of radical thinking in Peru in his time. For Gonzalez Prada: "Peru is not a nation but a territory inhabited vegetation where herds of serfs."Nor was a possibility of reconciliation races. The Indians were the only carriers of nationality, being the Western tradition only a veneer and oppressively violent superimposed on a real native Peru.
The Peru should then be a project that should not look to the past as a model, because only it would be oppression. Only in the future in building a society where excision inheritance viceregal and Republican, along with Catholicism, could generate a real country. Not for nothing the phrase:"Young people to work, the old tomb" was one of his most remembered slogans.
Mariátegui, Haya de la Torre and indigenist what felt like a pioneer and a visionary who had marked the path to build a new society. Indigenous people, especially at an early stage, followed a similar trend.
The Indian claims, the valuation of their traditions were often accompanied by a radical attack on the entire western component as shown in Tempest in the Andes by Luis Valcarcel.
Luis Valcarcel, the existence posed a dichotomy between Lima and Cusco essential. Lima represented an attempt to adapt European culture. The Cusco represented the mother culture, heir to the ancient tradition of the Incas. The white and Westernized Lima could not understand the essence and the real life of man because of Andes not have roots in the soil. Only in Cusco would be reserved for the redemption of India. That is to Valcarcel there were two nationalities in Peru which was the result of an unresolved conflict since the conquest.
A new precedent in the modern history of Peru is the Peruvian Nationalist Movement (NPM) of the family Humala, a speech proclaiming millenarian, radical critique of the "minority and its republiquita Creole, white, Western and extranjerizante which has the power in Peru ", announcing the end of the old days and the advent of new auroras redeeming.
The speech, where they become political flags, large national frustrations inherited from the colony, developed in the period of the republic and who are in the popular imagination and are usual topics of conversation: "The blame for our misfortunes have the Whites, all politicians steal, the Spaniards were a cursed race and left us a legacy his bad blood, care Chileans who come here will need tough, the corrupt must rifles, and so on."
For the Peruvian Nationalist Movement, incario summarizes the history of ancient Peru; incario is the foundation of Peruvians. Hurgando in the doctrine of Movement Etnocacerista we find the fifth doctrinal historical accuracy of the eleven that make up its doctrinal basis. To argue that the incario summarizes the history of ancient Peru is to reduce centuries of rich cultures and societies pre-Inca, (basic foundation of our nationhood) to his latest period, is an idealization arbitrary deforms itself as a major incario worth of caste society and is also unaware that there are other peoples, as the Amazonian communities that are not recognized as his heirs and have another genesis, is thinking mind or try to tubing imperial history, doctrine.
A peculiar in Peru recently is the emergence of groups that promotes cholificacion as Peruvian identity, this is an expression rather than to reaffirm the compartment racist and discriminatory attitudes against what they do not identify with the cholificacion. It is part of a new racist speech, which appears questioning racism of the so-called "white" in Peru.
It should not be confused with the concept of "race" as it refers to the existence of some genetic traits that are common and unique to human group. However, within each race there are many ethnicities, which are the case of Peru, as many of the groups that constitute a human race have had a unique cultural and historical experience, different from other experiences by other groups.
From a biological point of view, race is becoming one of the groups in which one species is divided organic, provided that individuals belonging to these groups
possess certain genetic characteristics common to be handed down from generation to generation. There are, therefore, human and animal breeds.
However, scientists today believe that traditional definition is extremely vague and ambiguous, because it is subject to numerous errors of judgment. With the development and evolution of genetics, has tried to give a definition of race that meets scientific criteria: race would be the existence of a group with its own distinct genetic characteristics from those of other human groups, which are kept throughout history through a reproduction inbreeding (reproductive sexual relations exclusively with individuals in the same race or population).
However, from a genetic viewpoint, there is no doubt that there are no pure races in Peru. Ethnic groups in Peru have had a unique cultural and historical experience, and different from other experiences of other groups. This is not a conceptual blend (mestizos, cholificacion, modernization genetics and so on.) Can solve the problems of racism and discrimination, if not on historical experience and cultural exclusivity of each group and in regard to differences in Regarding the diversity of indigenous languages and linguistic diversity of Castilian, in respect racial diversity-ethnic, gender, labor, and in regard to be different sharing the same civil rights, politicians and citizens.
A review of the evidence we speeches racist intolerance of the groups in power against the individual and social groups. It is covert racism against the individual and opens against the social group, race, ethnicity and gender. The racism in Peru is steeped in military institutions, colleges, government institutions, and non-governmental organizations, including the corner shop in the neighborhood, in the discotheque, in the social club, in television advertising reinforced by a racist language, exclusionary and intolerant.
Despite being the multicultural Peru, there is much racism in Peru. Racial discrimination is not a novelty. It is a result of a long process that has lasted for centuries, racist discourse in the social and political history of Peru, have marked the fracture identity which excludes a segment of the population on the basis of ethnicity and belittles its manifestations cultural.
Autor:
Jorge Yeshayahu Gonzales-Lara
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