The nouns are an important part of the vocabulary, and in case of English, the nouns form from adjectives or verbs by means of some grammatical rules that you should know if it is that you are studying this language
1) Some nouns form adding er or only r to a verb. Examples:
Verbo | sustantivo |
to write = escribir. | writer = escritor. |
to work = trabajar. | worker = trabajador. |
to drive = conducir. | driver = conductor. |
to listen = escuchar. | listener = oyente. |
to walk = caminar. | walker = caminante. |
to love = amar. | lover = amante. |
2) Other nouns form adding the suffix ment to a verb.
Ejemplos:
| Verbo | sustantivo |
to develop = desarrollar. | development = desarrollo. |
| to pay = pagar. | payment = pago. |
3) Other nouns form adding the suffix tion to a verb (attention at the rate of vowel).
Ejemplos:
Verbo | Sustantivo |
To examine = examinar. | examination = examen. |
To organize = organizar. | organization = organización. |
To admire = admirar. | admiration = admiración. |
To communicate = comunicar. | communication = comunicación. |
4) Other nouns form adding the suffix ity or ness to some adjectives. Examples:
Adjetivo | Nombre |
stupid = estúpido, imbécil. | stupidity = estupidez. |
cruel = cruel. | cruelty = crueldad. |
possible = posible. | possibility = posibilidad. |
good = bueno. | goodness = bondad. |
happy = feliz. | hapiness = felicidad. |
kind = amable. | kindness = amabilidad. |
The following nouns include words used during trips, parts of a house, and objects in a bath. In the pronunciation:":" it means that the vowel that is read must last a bit more."g" this letter is always pronounced as in "cat""j" as in "justice""æ" this symbol is pronounced more or less how between the "an" and the "e" bony like one to but more closed.
PALABRA | EN INGLES | Pronunciación figurada |
Documentación | Documentation | Dokumentéison |
Pasaporte | Passport | Pásspot |
Policía | Police | Polís |
Aduana (costumbres) | Customs | Cástons |
Equipaje | Baggage, luggage | Báguech, láguech, |
Maleta | Case, suitcase | Kéis, siutkéis |
Maletín | Briefcase | Brífkeis |
Bolsa | Bag | Bak |
Paquete | Pack, packet, package | Pak, páket, pákech |
Bolso | Bag, handbag | Bak, jánbak |
Bolsillo | Póket | |
Cámara de vídeo | Video camera | Ví:dio cámera |
Cámara de fotos | Photo camera | Fóto cámera |
Cola (fila) | Queue | Kíu |
Control | Control | Contról |
Ayuda | Help | Jelp |
Entrada | Entry | Éntri |
Salida | Exit | Éxit |
Derecha | Right | Ráit |
Izquierda | Left | Left |
Aeropuerto | Airport | Áerport |
Puerto | Port | Port |
Estación de tren | Train station | Tren stéishion |
Estación de bus | Bus station | Bas stéishion |
Estación de met | Subway, underground station | Sabwáei, ándergraund Stéishion |
Avión | Plane, airplane | Pléin, erpléin |
Vuelo | Flight | Fláit |
Barco | Ship | Ship |
Tranvía | Tram, streetcar | Tram, strítcar |
Vagón | Wagon | Vágon |
Taxi | Taxi, cab | Táexi, cab |
Coche | Car | Cár |
Garaje | Garage | Garrách, garréich |
Moto | Motorbike | Motorbáik |
Bicicleta | Bike, bicicle | Báik, báisicol |
Autopista | Highway, freeway | Jáiwáei, fri:wáei |
Carretera | Road | Roud |
Camino | Way | Wáei |
Gasolinera | Petrol station, gas station | Pétrol Stéishion,gas Stéishion |
Parada | Bus stop, taxi rank | Bas stop,Táexi rank |
Andén | Platform, sidewalk | Platform, sáidwolk |
Vía | Track, road, way | Track, róud, wáei |
Horario | Schedule, timetable | Shédiul, taimteibol |
Billete | Ticket | Tíket |
Asiento | Seat | Sit |
Fila | Row | Rou |
Clase | Class | Clas |
Preferente | Preferential | Preferéntial |
Turista | Tourist | Tóurrist |
Camarote | Cabin | Cábein |
Hotel | Hotel | Otél |
Habitación | Room | Rúum |
Número | Number | Námber |
Llave | Key | Ki: |
Ascensor | Lift, elevator | Lift, elevéite |
Escaleras | Stairs, staircase | Estérs, estérkeis |
Planta (piso) | Floor | Flóor |
Pasillo | Corridor | Córredor |
Salón | Hall | Jol |
Mueble | Forniture | Fórnichæ |
Sofá | Couch, sofa | Cáuch, sóufa |
Sillón | Armchair | Armcháer |
Silla | Chair | Chær |
Mesa | Table | Téibol |
Alfombra | Carpet | Cárpet |
Teléfono | Phone | Fon |
Televisión | Television | Televíshion |
Radio | Radio | Réidio |
Mando (distancia) | Remote control | Remót contról |
Pilas | Batteries | Bátterris |
Electricidad | Electricity | Electrísiti |
Lámpara | Lamp | Lamp |
Balcón | Balcony | Bálconi |
Luz (solar) | Light, sunlight | Láigt, sanlaigt |
Dormitorio | Bedroom | Bédrruum |
Cortina | Curtain | Cúrtæn |
Armario | Closet | Clóset |
Cama | Bed | Bed |
Sábana | Sheet | Sshi:t |
Manta | Blanket | Blánket |
Baño | Bathroom | Bázrruum |
Lavabo | Washbasin | Washbéisin |
Ducha | Shower | Shóuer |
Jabón | Soap | Sóup |
Toalla | Towel | Táuel |
Papel higiénico | Toilet paper | Tóilet péipær |
Cepillo | Brush, hairbrush, toothbrush | Brach, jérbrách túzbrách, |
Pasta dental | Toothpaste | Tútpeist |
Some irregular plurals or singular noun is used:'s my father's name is Tom (my father his name is Tom = my father's name is Tom) Men's room (men your salon = Hall of men) The plane's motor (aircraft engine = the aircraft engine), example of use in objects.
Is used for plural noun not ending in s:'s
children' s games (boys games = kids games)
For plural noun that ends in s it is used: (')
We call at the boys" room
Boys"room
is a word that comes and modifies the name. You can expand , supplement or quantify its size. They are words that name or indicate qualities , characteristics and properties of names or nouns they accompany.
Examples:
the tall man ( the tall man )
a happy child ( a contented child )
a dark street ( a dark street )
a Spanish woman ( a Spanish woman)
the red ball ( red ball)
a cold winter ( cold winter)
the glass table ( glass table )
TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
ENGLISH HAS SIX CLASSES OF ADJECTIVES:
1. Descriptive / Qualitative (Qualifying)
fat (fat), blue (blue), nice (nice), hot (warm),
young (young), round (round), long (long), early (early) …
2. Demonstrative (Demonstrative)
this (this), that (that) These (these) Those (those)
* For more information, see the lesson on the demonstration.
3. Quantitative (Quantitative)
some (one / s), any (one / s, none), many (much / s)
much (much) …
* For more information, see the lesson on quantifiers.
4. Interrogative (Interrogative)
Which? (What?), What? (What?), Where? (Where?), How? (how?)…
* For more information, see the lesson on the interrogative.
5. Possessive (Possessive)
my (my) your (your), his (her), our (our) …
* For more information, see the lesson on possessives.
6. Numeric (numeric)
one (one), four (four), first (first).
Autor:
Paola Avila
República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Miniterio Del Poder Popular Para la Educación Superior
Instituto Universitario Politécnico
"Santiago Mariño"
Sede Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz
Profesor:
Andry González.
Barcelona, Marzo de 2016